For those using VPP and are getting the C or D plan, you are better off negotiating for invoice price. I got VPP pricing through my company and I was quoted $475 over invoice. I ended up getting invoice by pushing them for it. So you CAN get better than VPP. Specially now.
Dealers get a "credit" for selling you a car via VPP from the manufacturer, so a lot of times they will LOVE to sell you a car at VPP price.